越南雄王神話與當地傳說的關係之研究 神話與當地傳說的關係之研究

裴光雄
國立高雄大學東亞語文學系助理教授

摘要
　　「雄王神話」被視為越南最早期的神話故事。大抵係談及越南的雄王朝代之始末，共計十八代，係為「雄王時代」，或稱「鴻龐時代1」。十三、十四世紀時，越南的儒家將雄王神話收錄於《嶺南摭怪》一書中；越南史家吳士連亦將之撰入越南《大越史記全書》中的外傳部份，成為越南歷史重要的第一部份。黎崱在中國撰寫《安南志略》的時候，也將其編入該部書的神話部份。又為提倡越南民族性的目的，封建君王把雄王時代視作越南朝代的起源，並且追認雄王為越南的國祖。每年三月於福壽省雄王廟皆有舉辦隆重的祭祀儀式。

　　在流傳過程中，雄王神話除了係福壽省祭祀雄王信仰的根本，尚不斷產生與其相關的民間傳說，特別是在越南富壽省區域。如今此地還存有些許與雄王時代相關的傳說。例如與農業、戰爭有關的傳說。

　　綜上所述，本論文研究企圖從越南富壽省有關雄王民間傳說進行分類及分析，從而進一步討論雄王神話對越南富壽省民間傳說的影響。

關鍵詞： 雄王時代、雄王神話、雄王傳說、越南、富壽省

Summary
  The legends of Kins Hung are the earliest legends in Vietnam. They are based on stories and historical events during the 18 Hung King dynasties, or also known as the Hong Bang period. Since the 13th century, Vietnamese scholars have started to collect these legends and sorted them into books named as “Linh Nam Chich Quai”. Vietnamese historian, Ngo Si Lien, has revised Vietnam’s history by using these legends as historical sources. Therefore, the legends of King Hung play a significant role in the history of Vietnam. Le Tac, another Vietnamese scholar, the author of “An Nam Chi Luoc”, also recorded the legends of King Hung into his works while he was living in China. His works aimed to raise Vietnamese people’s national spirit as well as awareness about Vietnamese history and heritage. The legend of King Hung is where it all began. It is Vietnam’s earliest ancestry! A big ceremony is held at King Hung’s temple in Phu Tho Province annually during the third month of the lunar calendar. The ceremony is for people to worship and show their appreciations toward Kings Hung.
  The legends of King Hung reflect not only historical events, but also cultural impacts and other important events of Vietnam during early civilization period. By looking at the legends of King Hung, the roots of Vietnam, we can analyze and discuss how they have influenced Vietnamese people, culture,
custom and development throughout history.

Key words: King Hung dynasties, Legend of Hung Vuong, Phu Tho province.