少數民族區域越南語教育的需求與角色之探討

陳智睿
河內國家大學所屬科學人文社會大學語言學系
陳氏蘭
國立高雄大學東亞語文學系

摘要
　　越南是多元文化、族群國家的其中之一。確保多元文化中的統一，是越南國家少數民族區域發展過程中的重要需求。越南有五十四個少數民族，每一族群對越南多元文化、族群的背景都有一定的貢獻。目前越南少數民族區域的語言情形已有很大的改變，在於越南語與族群母語之間、各族群母語之間、越南語與各族群母語及外語之間的相關改變。因此，越南少數民族區域之語言教育政策也必須關注到此現況。本研究針對少數民族區域越南語教育之議題進行資料蒐集，並以越南北部山區所居住之少數民族為主要研究對象進行問卷調查，目的為找出少數民族對國家語言（越南語）教育的需求以及越南語教育在少數民族區域所扮演的角色。研究結果發現，由於少數民族區域的雙語教育政策實施過程中所發現的實際需求，越南語與少數民族語言可同時稱為族群母語。少數民族居民可從小學透過越南語接受教育，但每週有固定的時數用族群母語接受教育。越南語以「發展的語言」為重要角色，少數民族母語以「保持民族本色工具」為存在價值，以確保其穩固發展。

關鍵字：少數民族、越南語教育、需求、角色

Research on The Needs and Roles of Vietnamese Education in Ethnic Minorities Regions

Tran Tri Doi
Dept of Linguistics and Vietnamese Studies, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ha Noi
Tran Thi Lan
Dept of East Asian Language and Literature, National University of Kaohsiung

Abstract

  Vietnam is one of multicultural and ethnic diverse country in the world. The protection of "unity in multicultural society" is an important point in the course of regional development of Vietnamese countries, especially for ethnic minorities. Vietnam government recognizes fifty-four ethnic minorities, and each ethnic group has a huge contribution on the cultural diverse and ethnic diverse.

  Currently, it has a huge change on the language situation in Vietnam ethnic minority regions. It is related to the change among Vietnamese language, the native language of each ethnic group, and foreign languages. Therefore, we should also pay attention to language education policy in Vietnam ethnic minority regions.

  This research aims to collect the data of Vietnamese education in ethnic minority regions, and conduct a questionnaire survey on the ethnic groups living in the mountainous areas northern Vietnam. The aim of this research is to find out the needs of ethnic minorities towards Vietnamese language education, and the roles of
Vietnamese language education in minority regions. The results show that Vietnamese language and ethnic minority languages can be called mother tongue as a result of the actual demand found in the implement of bilingual education policy in ethnic minority regions.
  Minority residents can be educated Vietnamese language from primary school, but have a fixed number of hours per week to receive ethnic native language. Vietnamese language plays an important role in language development, while ethnic native language plays the role of maintaining the ethnic characteristics as a value to ensure its steady development.